Using the Iceberg Model for Learning and Systems Change

Developed by Tiyuv www.tiyuv.org

The Iceberg Model is a systems thinking tool that helps individuals, organizations, and communities move beyond reacting to isolated events and instead explore the deeper patterns, structures, and mental models that shape outcomes.

Too often, we focus only on what is immediately visible, a challenge, crisis, or unexpected result.

The Iceberg Model invites us to look beneath the surface and ask:

• What patterns are occurring over time?

• What systems and structures contribute to these patterns?

• What assumptions, beliefs, or mental models sustain those systems?

By examining multiple levels of a challenge, leaders can identify more meaningful opportunities for learning, adaptation, and long-term change.

The Iceberg Model in Practice

At Tiyuv, we frequently use the Iceberg Model in culturally responsive evaluation, strategic planning, leadership development, community engagement, and systems change work. The framework helps participants move from symptom-focused thinking toward deeper understanding and more sustainable solutions.

A diverse group of people examining what's beneath the surface of an iceberg

The Four Levels of the Iceberg

1. Events

   What is happening right now? These are the visible incidents, challenges, or outcomes that often demand immediate attention.

   
   

2. Patterns and Trends

   What has been happening over time? Looking for recurring themes helps us understand whether an event is part of a larger pattern.

   
   

3. Systems and Structures

   What policies, processes, relationships, incentives, or organizational structures contribute to these patterns?

   
   

4. Mental Models

   What beliefs, assumptions, values, or narratives influence the systems we have created and maintain?.

Download the Resource

Use the resource with teams, boards, leadership groups, classrooms, communities, or evaluation participants to facilitate deeper reflection and systems-level learning.

1. Facilitation Guide (PDF)

Developed by Tiyuv as a free resource to support culturally responsive evaluation, leadership development, and collective learning. This resource was made possible through support from Jewish Liberation Fund and Rise Up and is shared freely with the community to strengthen evaluative thinking, systems learning, and leadership practice across Jewish organizational spaces.